Marine Fuel Guide

HSFO / IFO 380 — High Sulphur Fuel Oil 3.50%

HSFO remains a commercial marine fuel for vessels equipped with exhaust gas cleaning systems (scrubbers) that remove sulphur from combustion exhaust. Before IMO 2020, HSFO was the global workhorse; post-2020, it is niche but strategically important for scrubber-fitted tonnage.

Grade
HSFO
Sulphur
Up to 3.50% m/m (requires scrubber for compliance outside ECAs)
ISO 8217
ISO 8217:2017 / 2024 — RMG and RMK grades
Typical Use

Main engine fuel for scrubber-equipped vessels on deep-sea passage outside Emission Control Areas

Technical Detail

The scrubber economics

Scrubber installation costs are typically several million dollars per vessel; payback depends on the price spread between HSFO and VLSFO. The spread has narrowed and widened with market conditions — scrubbers remain economic for many large vessels but less so for smaller tonnage.

Availability post-2020

HSFO availability varies by port. Major bunker hubs (Singapore, Rotterdam, Fujairah) maintain consistent supply; smaller ports may not. Availability has generally proved more resilient than some initial forecasts predicted because scrubber uptake supported continuing demand.

ECA restrictions

Even scrubber-equipped vessels must use compliant fuel (0.10% sulphur) in Emission Control Areas unless their scrubber system is type-approved for ECA operation and achieves the equivalent SOx reduction.

Environmental considerations

Open-loop scrubbers discharge washwater overboard, which is now restricted or banned in an increasing number of ports and national waters (notably China, UAE, Singapore for specific configurations). Closed-loop and hybrid systems avoid this but add complexity.

Where to Bunker HSFO

Ports in our directory where HSFO is available as a standard commercial grade:

Related pages

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